15 分钟构建本地 MCP 服务器：从入门到进阶应用指南

npm init -y
npm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk zod
npm install -D typescript @types/node tsx

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "Node16",
    "moduleResolution": "Node16",
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "strict": true
  },
  "include": ["src"]
}

// src/server.ts
import { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js'
import { StdioServerTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js'
import { CallToolRequestSchema, ListToolsRequestSchema } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js'
import { readdir, readFile } from 'fs/promises'
import { z } from 'zod'

// 使用元数据初始化服务器
const server = new Server(
  {
    name: 'n1n-local-explorer',
    version: '1.0.0',
  },
  {
    capabilities: {
      tools: {}, // 声明服务器支持工具调用
    },
  }
)

// 定义可用工具列表
server.setRequestHandler(ListToolsRequestSchema, async () => {
  return {
    tools: [
      {
        name: 'list_directory',
        description: '列出本地目录中的文件',
        inputSchema: {
          type: 'object',
          properties: {
            path: { type: 'string', description: '绝对路径' },
          },
          required: ['path'],
        },
      },
      {
        name: 'read_file',
        description: '读取文本文件内容',
        inputSchema: {
          type: 'object',
          properties: {
            path: { type: 'string', description: '绝对路径' },
          },
          required: ['path'],
        },
      },
    ],
  }
})

// 处理具体的工具执行逻辑
server.setRequestHandler(CallToolRequestSchema, async (request) => {
  const { name, arguments: args } = request.params

  if (name === 'list_directory') {
    // 使用 Zod 验证输入参数
    const { path } = z.object({ path: z.string() }).parse(args)
    try {
      const files = await readdir(path, { withFileTypes: true })
      const list = files.map((f) => `${f.isDirectory() ? '[DIR]' : '[FILE]'} ${f.name}`)
      return { content: [{ type: 'text', text: list.join('\n') }] }
    } catch (error) {
      return { content: [{ type: 'text', text: `错误: ${error}` }], isError: true }
    }
  }

  if (name === 'read_file') {
    const { path } = z.object({ path: z.string() }).parse(args)
    try {
      const content = await readFile(path, 'utf-8')
      return { content: [{ type: 'text', text: content }] }
    } catch (error) {
      return { content: [{ type: 'text', text: `错误: ${error}` }], isError: true }
    }
  }

  throw new Error(`未知工具: ${name}`)
})

// 使用 stdio 传输协议连接（本地 MCP 的标准方式）
async function main() {
  const transport = new StdioServerTransport()
  await server.connect(transport)
  console.error('MCP 服务器已通过 stdio 启动')
}

main().catch(console.error)

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "local-explorer": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["tsx", "/你的项目绝对路径/src/server.ts"]
    }
  }
}